find_element_by_* commands are deprecated in selenium

This error message…

DeprecationWarning: find_element_by_* commands are deprecated. Please use find_element() instead

…implies that the find_element_by_* commands are deprecated in the latest Selenium Python libraries.

As @AutomatedTester mentions: This DeprecationWarning was the reflection of the changes made with respect to the decision to simplify the APIs across the languages and this does that.

Solution

Instead you have to use find_element(). As an example:

You have to include the following imports

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

• Using class_name:

  button = driver.find_element_by_class_name("quiz_button")
  

  Needs be replaced with:

  button = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "quiz_button")
  

In similar lines you also have to change the following:

• Using id:

  element = find_element_by_id("element_id")
  

  Needs be replaced with:

  element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "element_id")
  

• Using name:

  element = find_element_by_name("element_name")
  

  Needs be replaced with:

  element = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "element_name")
  

• Using link_text:

  element = find_element_by_link_text("element_link_text")
  

  Needs be replaced with:

  element = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "element_link_text")
  

• Using partial_link_text:

  element = find_element_by_partial_link_text("element_partial_link_text")
  

  Needs be replaced with:

  element = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "element_partial_link_text")
  

• Using tag_name:

  element = find_element_by_tag_name("element_tag_name")
  

  Needs be replaced with:

  element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "element_tag_name")
  

• Using css_selector:

  element = find_element_by_css_selector("element_css_selector")
  

  Needs be replaced with:

  element = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "element_css_selector")
  

• Using xpath:

  element = find_element_by_xpath("element_xpath")
  

  Needs be replaced with:

  element = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "element_xpath")
  

Note: If you are searching and replacing to implement the above changes, you will need to do the same thing for find_elements_*, i.e. the plural forms of find_element_*.

You may also find this upgrade guide useful as it covers some other unrelated changes you may need to make when upgrading: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/getting_started/upgrade_to_selenium_4/

@DebanjanB mentioned and explained the new structure , also it’s better use these lines:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

s = Service('C:/Users/.../chromedriver.exe')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s)

As others mentioned, you should use find_element() or find_elements() instead of find_element_by_*() or find_elements_by_*().

I wrote the regex pattern to replace the deprecated methods to new one, so try this if you need.

# from - e.g. find_element_by_id("test")

find_element(s?)_by_([a-z]+)\((.*)

# to - e.g. find_element(By.ID, "test")

find_element$1(By.\U$2\E, $3

Note: you need the import line to use the new methods

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

Here is an example which will clarify things a bit:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

chrome_driver_path = "C:\Development\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe"
s = Service(chrome_driver_path)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s)

driver.get('https://www.amazon.in/Apple-MacBook-Chip-13-inch-256GB/dp/B08N5VSQNG/')
title = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="productTitle")  # by=By.ID, By.TAG_NAME, By.CLASS_NAME, By.NAME
print(title.text)


# driver.close()  # Closes the tab which was opened earlier
driver.quit()  # Quits the entire browser.