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what exactly is python typing.Callable?
- How to solve what exactly is python typing.Callable?
typing.Callable
is the type you use to indicate a callable. Most python types that support the()
operator are of the typecollections.abc.Callable
. Examples include functions,classmethod
s,staticmethod
s, bound methods and lambdas.
In summary, anything with a__call__
method (which is how()
is implemented), is a callable.
PEP 677 attempted to introduce implicit tuple-with-arrow syntax, so that something likeCallable[[int, str], list[float]]
could be expressed much more intuitively as(int, str) -> list[float]
. The PEP was rejected because the benefits of the new syntax were not deemed sufficient given the added maintenance burden and possible room for confusion. - what exactly is python typing.Callable?
typing.Callable
is the type you use to indicate a callable. Most python types that support the()
operator are of the typecollections.abc.Callable
. Examples include functions,classmethod
s,staticmethod
s, bound methods and lambdas.
In summary, anything with a__call__
method (which is how()
is implemented), is a callable.
PEP 677 attempted to introduce implicit tuple-with-arrow syntax, so that something likeCallable[[int, str], list[float]]
could be expressed much more intuitively as(int, str) -> list[float]
. The PEP was rejected because the benefits of the new syntax were not deemed sufficient given the added maintenance burden and possible room for confusion.
Solution 1
typing.Callable
is the type you use to indicate a callable. Most python types that support the ()
operator are of the type collections.abc.Callable
. Examples include functions, classmethod
s, staticmethod
s, bound methods and lambdas.
In summary, anything with a __call__
method (which is how ()
is implemented), is a callable.
PEP 677 attempted to introduce implicit tuple-with-arrow syntax, so that something like Callable[[int, str], list[float]]
could be expressed much more intuitively as (int, str) -> list[float]
. The PEP was rejected because the benefits of the new syntax were not deemed sufficient given the added maintenance burden and possible room for confusion.
Original Author Mad Physicist Of This Content
Solution 2
I would like to add to other answers that starting with Python 3.9, typing.Callable
is deprecated. You should use collections.abc.Callable
instead.
For more details and the rationale, you can take a look at PEP 585
Original Author decorator-factory Of This Content
Solution 3
The typing
module is used for type hints:
This module provides runtime support for type hints.
What are type hints?
The documentation provides this example:
def greeting(name: str) -> str:
return 'Hello ' + name
In the function
greeting
, the argument name is expected to be of typestr
and the return typestr
. Subtypes are accepted as arguments.
How to use typing.Callable
Assume you want to define a function that takes two integers and performs some kind of operation on them that returns another integer:
def apply_func(a: int, b: int, func) -> int:
return func(a, b)
So the expected type of the func
argument in apply_func
is “something that can be called (e.g. a function) that takes two integer arguments and returns an integer”:
typing.Callable[[int, int], int]
Why bother with type hints in the first place?
Using type hints enables you to perform type checking. If you use an IDE like PyCharm or Visual Studio Code, you’ll get visual feedback if you’re using unexpected types:
Original Author Anton Yang-Wälder Of This Content
Solution 4
See the documentation here.
Short version, Callable
is a type hint that indicates a function or other object which can be called.
Consider a simple example below. The bar
parameter is a callable object that takes two ints as parameters and returns an int.
>>> def foo(bar: Callable[[int, int], int], a: int, b: int) -> int:
... return bar(a, b)
...
>>> foo(int.__add__, 4, 5)
9
>>> class A:
... def __call__(self, a, b):
... return a * b
...
>>> foo(A(), 6, 7)
42
>>> foo(lambda x, y: x - y, 8, 3)
5
>>>
Original Author Chris Of This Content
Conclusion
So This is all About This Tutorial. Hope This Tutorial Helped You. Thank You.